Dates

For more historical information, see Multics History. The site timeline is a graphical presentation of events in Multics history.

1944	Whirlwind at MIT
1957	Sputnik
1959	John McCarthy proposes time-sharing in memo to Philip M. Morse, director of the MIT Computation Center.
1961	Burroughs B5000 (Algol, dual CPUs, segmentation)
11/61	MIT Computation Center running IBM 709. 4-user tape CTSS demonstrated.
05/62	Paper on CTSS presented at Spring Joint Computer Conference.
08/62	MIT Computation Center upgraded to IBM 7090. CTSS running on new hardware. First Paper on Internet Concept by J. C. R. Licklider & Welden Clark, "On-Line Man Computer Communication".
09/62	BBN timesharing system operational on Digital Equipment PDP-1
10/62	Cuban Missile Crisis
11/62	MIT Project MAC suggested by J. C. R. Licklider.
12/62	Ferranti Atlas (paging) (12/7/62)
01/63	Project MAC proposal submitted to ARPA.
03/63	Project MAC authorized & funded by ARPA IPTO. ($3 million contract)
04/63	MIT Computation Center 7090 with second 32K memory, 1302 disk, 7750
05/63	Initial JOSS service on JOHNNIAC at RAND.
06/63	Timesharing running at SDC on spare AN/FSQ-32 (funded by ARPA)
07/63	Project MAC summer study, using CTSS on Computation Center IBM 7090, attended by many computer scientists.
09/63	Project to establish a time-sharing system at Dartmouth begun by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz.
10/63	Project MAC IBM 7090 (red machine) installed, later upgraded to 7094 II.
04/64	IBM announces System/360 (4/7/64)
05/64	DTSS brought up at Dartmouth on a GE-225/DATANET-30. (05/01/64, 4AM)
06/64	Corby's group moved to Tech Square
08/64	General Electric selected as supplier for MAC research machine, contract signed.
11/64	Bell Labs joins Multics project with MIT and GE
1965	First inter-computer communication, between TX-2 and Q-32 (Marill and Roberts) NSA RYE time-sharing system on Univac 494, multilevel security
08/65	GE 635 delivered to Project MAC, 6.36 simulator running IBM announces TSS/360 CTSS MAIL command available to users
11/65	Special Multics session at Fall Joint Computer Conference, 6 papers presented.
06/66	Flag Day (06/14/66)
1967	WYLBUR and ORVYL developed at Stanford on 360/67.
01/67	GE 645 delivered to Project MAC CP-40/CMS running at IBM Scientific Center on 360/40
03/67	GE 635 removed from Project MAC milestone phase .5 (file system on 645 simulator)
04/67	CP/CMS in service on 360/67 at Lincoln Labs
05/67	MTS in service on 360/67 at Michigan
09/67	Digital Equipment PDP-10 announced TENEX begun at BBN
12/67	milestone phase 1 (single process boot on 645)
03/68	milestone A3 - 3 processes (Rappaport)
04/68	IBM decommits TSS/360
05/68	IBM releases CP/67 version 1 to 8 sites
07/68	First Multics picnic
08/68	RADC GE-645 installed
10/68	Demonstrable Initial Multics milestone (8 users)
12/68	Multics running console sessions in 545 Tech Sq, self-hosting moved MAC 7094 to MIT IPC, building 39
01/69	Limited Initial Multics milestone (12 users)
01/69	Integrated mini-GIM & TTY DIM into system
04/69	Bell Labs drops out of Multics development Unix begun on PDP-7 at Bell Labs IBM un-decommits TSS/360
05/69	file system 2.0
06/69	milestone 3.0.10
07/69	Experimental MIT use of Multics (Cambridge Project)
10/69	MSS 4.0 - Multics public at MIT new PL1 compiler, new traffic control First ARPANet connection UCLA-SRI (10/29/69)
12/69	MSS 5.0 - DSU270's (10 MB disk)
03/70	MSS 6.0 - Revised command loop MSS 7.0 - page control rewrite DEC announces PDP-11 (3/28/70)
05/70	First Multics talk at GESHUA XI in Seattle (THVV)
06/70	MSS 8.0 - pre-paging and post-purging TENEX on the air (6/15/70)
08/70	MSS 9.0 - new Directory Control, User Control Multics installed on RADC machine
10/70	MSS 10.0 - new ttydim Honeywell buys GE computer division: the "merger"
11/70	MSS 11.0 - new init
12/70	MSS 12.0 - Support for DSU170's MSS 13.0 - Associative Memory fix Unix ported to PDP-11 at Bell Labs
1971	Software Factory on BCO 645 installed
01/71	MSS 14.0 - Moved processes from ring 32 to ring 4
01/71	Multics Symposium at MIT Jan 21-22
04/71	MSS 15.0 - retrofit. DTSS simulator using Dartmouth BASIC
05/71	IBM decommits TSS/360 again
09/71	MIT 645 Multics providing service on ARPANet (host #6) via GIMPSPIF.(RFC 0252) RCA sells its computer division to Univac
1972	Paris 645 installed at Bull on Av. Gambetta
11/72	MIT 6180 delivered System M "6090" installed.
12/72	MSS 18.0. - ACL redo: CACLs eliminated
1973	Honeywell Phoenix Multics Development Center (PMDC) opened.
01/73	Multics and H6180 announcement at Boston Museum of Science (01/17/73)
07/73	CTSS turned off at MIT IPC (07/20/73)
11/73	AFDSC installed
12/73	MIT 6180 Multics connected to ARPANet (host #44) by ABSI.
12/73	Thompson and Ritchie present Unix paper at 4th ACM SOSP, Yorktown Heights NY
1974	CISL development machine installed
01/74	MSS 22.0 Ford installed
05/74	GM Corporate (GMISCA) installed
06/74	MR 1.0: First standard release. Compilers support EIS, BASIC, GCOS Simulator, DSS191. Enhanced PL/I, FORTRAN.
1975	RADC, BCO, System M upgraded to 6180s
01/75	MR 2.0: CPU cache, NPS, 1600bpi tape, TN1200. Enhanced PL/I, FORTRAN, tape.
03/75	MR 2.1: iox_, probe, trace, debug, On-line T&D. Enhanced administration & metering, GCOS.
06/75	MR 2.2: Secure Mail. Enhanced PL/I, FORTRAN, BASIC, system tools.
09/75	MR 3.0: MCS, Scheduler, RCP, COBOL-74, SORT. Enhanced GCOS.
1975	Ford deinstalled
07/75	University of Southwestern Louisiana (USL) installed
1976	DCC, USGS Reston installed
02/76	MSS 28.0: New storage system
03/76	MR 3.1: AIM, DTSS Simulator, HEALS, 4 FNPs. Enhanced PL/I, FORTRAN, COBOL, ALM, commands.
07/76	MR 4.0: New storage system, MRDS, MSU451, MERGE, 16MB SCUs. Enhanced PL/I, FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, SORT, Graphics system, mail.
09/76	MR 4.0.1: Reconfiguration & Operator Interfaces.
12/76	MR 5.0: 4MW SCUs. Enhanced MCS, COBOL, FORTRAN, MRDS.
1977	Honeywell-MIT collaboration ends USGS Menlo Park and Denver installed Puerto Rican Highway Authority (PRHA) installed Industrial Nucleonics installed Apple Computer founded (01/03/77)
10/77	MR 6.0: tape, ESD, salvager, RJE, WORDPRO, 7 CPUs, multiple tape controllers. Enhanced PL/I, FORTRAN, COBOL, MRDS, reliability & damage recovery.
1978	Ford installed again INRIA/Rocquencourt installed University of Grenoble installed University of Calgary (UC) installed
03/78	MR 6.1
09/78	MR 6.5: Video Terminals, DN6670, IBM 3780, 4 FNPs, run units, resource reservation, remote station TTFs. Enhanced communication, FORTRAN optimizer.
11/78	Palyn Report presented to Honeywell management
12/78	MR 6.5a: remote station TTFs. Enhanced G115 protocol. Oakland University (OU) installed
1979	INRA, Renault, Bell Canada installed
01/79	Unix setuid patent issued (01/16/79)
01/79	Honeywell CNO installed (01/22/79)
03/79	MR 7.0: GTSS Simulator, TP, MSU0500, Tape Archive, T&D, tape archive, audit facility, T&D subsystem, 32 new terminal types. Enhanced PL/I, FORTRAN, communications, bulk I/O.
06/79	MR 7.0a: L6 Concentrator, MTU0610 9 Track tape, Emacs, polled VIP7760. Enhanced APL.
09/79	MR 7.0b: Enhanced FIPS COBOL, WORDPRO. Bristol & Bath (Avon) installed
1980	Stratus formed, many Multicians leave CISL NWGS Level 68 development system installed at US Naval War College. Dir. Prevision, EPSHOM, INSEE, IRT installed
03/80	MR 8.0: VIP7801/7804, IBM 3270, Process Preservation, MSS0500, ORION support, Bulk Store removed. Enhanced communications, Emacs, GCOS TSS, COBOL, WORDPRO, MRDS, tape interface to PPS.
03/80	Site N (Flagship) installed 03/27/80.
12/80	MR 8.2: MSU0500/501. Enhanced: T&D, COBOL, PL/I, FORTRAN, BOS
1981	VW (USA) installed in Honeywell space Arizona State University installed INSEE/Paris, CERAM, CICB, Culture, CICT, INRIA/Sophia installed
08/81	IBM PC announced (8/14/81)
09/81	St Johns installed
10/81	MR 9.0: DPS 8/70M CPUs, 8 FNPs, Executive Mail, CSU6601, MSP0611/0612, MTP0611. Enhanced BOS, COLTS/MTAR, COBOL, MRDS, WORDPRO.
12/81	Shutdown of Virginia Polytechnic Institute
1982	DND Halifax installed (dual L68); Bull Systeme X installed at Louveciennes (L68/DPS-8); CIRIL, CNET, INRIA/Rennes, Mainz installed; VW shut down, deal canceled by VW corporate
03/82	MR 9.1: Enhanced: T&D, HASP, Emacs, FORTRAN, Tape.
06/82	STC installed
07/82	Honeywell PMDC moved from Camelback to DVCP in Phoenix.
10/82	MR 10.0: 4 IOMs, IOM Paged Mode, Dial-out, X.25, Forum, MTU0630. Enhanced HDLC & BSC to 72KB, record stocks, system recovery, forum command.
11/82	Cardiff (CJCC) installed.
1983	SNECMA, CICRP, INNPPP, Credit Lyonnais, SOZAWE, ONERA/CERT, SNECMA, ELF, LUT, Brunel installed USGS Menlo Park shut down
01/83	CNO gets 8/70M
03/83	UBCC installed
04/83	CCVR installed
06/83	Canadian DND (DDDS) installed
09/83	CISL moves from Tech Square to Cambridge Center
10/83	MR 10.1: Printers 901/1201, X.25 LAPB, Subsystem Utilities, EURCs 8001/8002/8004. Enhanced Video, tape, mail, MRDS, FNP memory. ACTC installed
1984	USGS Reston, Dir. Prevision, INSEE shut down DOCKMASTER installed
01/84	MR 10.2: Satellite 6M, LINUS. Enhanced operator interface, crash analysis, EURC, APL, FIPS FORTRAN, GCOS simulator, MRDS, ARPANet, X.25.
02/84	ACTC becomes additional development site (2/3/84)
06/84	Special for DND: IO reconfiguration
1985	Almost 100 sites (Gintell ACM speech) ASU, STC, USGS Denver, INRA, Renault, ELF shut down ONERA/Paris installed DND-H upgraded to triple 8-70M
02/85	Flower canceled by Honeywell
06/85	Multics development capped by Honeywell MR 11.0: B2 security, 32k Cache, FAMIS, Executive Forum, PC Support, Bootload Multics; 2741, 1050, and ARDS support removed. Enhanced IOM reconfiguration, disk interface, video, FORTRAN, BASIC, mail, dump analysis.
08/85	B2 Orange Book rating awarded to MR 11.0+ by NCSC (08/29/85)
10/85	Black armbands at HLSUA Multics Company spin-off (based on Flower) proposed at HLSUA Initial study for NOS (Opus) with MOD-400 group
11/85	Multics Company spin-off dismissed by Honeywell
12/85	McDonnell Douglas Transport Aircraft installed
1986	EPSHOM, IRT, CERAM, INRIA/Sophia, Mainz, SOZAWE, Credit Lyonnais shut down SEP installed North American Honeywell Bull integrated into Groupe Bull.
01/86	Opus (NOS/VS3) IPR-0 review at Honeywell
05/86	CISL closed (5/22/86), Opus team to Honeywell Billerica
07/86	NWGS DPS 8/70(M) installed at US Naval War College. Level 68 moved to SDF, Moorestown NJ, and got SMS workstations.
12/86	MR 12.0: BOS eliminated, IMU, FIPS tape & disk, C compiler.
1987	Shutdown of SNECMA, CICT Bull Systeme X moved to Rocquencourt NWGS TTGL (Dam Neck VA) and TTGP (San Diego) sites installed. Honeywell System M moved from Camelback to DVCP location in Phoenix.
11/87	Bull takes over Honeywell computer division
12/87	Shutdown of CNO (12/11/87)
1988	Shutdown of INRIA/Rennes, CICB, Culture, CIRIL, CNET, INNPPP, ONERA
01/88	Shutdown of MIT Multics (MSS 38.3), eqpt to McDonnell (01/02/88)
04/88	Development transferred to ACTC (Calgary) Opus canceled by Bull
05/88	Shutdown of AFDSC system T (05/31/88)
07/88	Shutdown of Brunel University
09/88	Shutdown of CICRP, Grenoble, Rennes
11/88	MR 12.2: lint and make; TCP/IP support and inter-system mail.
10/88	Shutdown of Bristol & Bath (Avon) (10/10/88)
09/89	Shutdown of St Johns (SJU) (09/14/89) Shutdown of RADC (09/30/89) Shutdown of UBCC
12/89	MR 12.3
1990	Oakland University shut down Bell Canada Toronto, CCVR, SEP shut down
01/90	Shutdown of ENWGS-SDF
05/90	Shutdown of University of Southwestern Louisiana (USL)
12/90	MR 12.4 released
1991	Shutdown of ABB (formerly Industrial Nucleonics).
03/91	Shutdown of Cardiff Joint Computing Centre (CJCC) (03/15/91)
07/91	Shutdown of Loughborough University Shutdown of ASEA Brown Boveri
1992	Shutdown of Bull Systeme X and Honeywell BCO.
02/92	Shutdown of AFDSC system D (02/28/92)
03/92	Shutdown of INRIA Shutdown of AFDSC system M (03/31/92)
06/92	Shutdown of last AFDSC machine, system Z (06/30/92)
09/92	Shutdown of Site N (Flagship).
11/92	MR 12.5
1993	Shutdown of Bell Canada Montreal.
04/93	alt.os.multics started by Magnus Olsson
06/93	Shutdown of U of Calgary (06/16/93)
09/93	Shutdown of DDDS/ORAE (Ottawa, Ontario, Canada) (09/03/93)
11/93	Shutdown of Honeywell System M (Phoenix) (11/28/93)
1994	Multicians website begun by THVV with much help and advice from BSG.
12/95	Shutdown of McDonnell Douglas site (12/22/95)
04/96	Shutdown of last NWGS system, at US Naval War College.
04/97	Shutdown of Ford (04/25/97)
03/98	Shutdown of DOCKMASTER (03/31/98).
10/98	Shutdown of GM (10/20/98)
1999	PRHA no longer used?
06/99	DOCKMASTER hardware loaned by National Cryptologic Museum to the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA.
07/00	Shutdown of CGI (was Perigon (was ACTC)) (07/07/00)
10/00	Shutdown of DND-H (17:08Z 10/30/00)
11/07	Open Source for Multics is hosted at MIT, provided courtesy of Bull HN.
11/14	Harry Reed's Multics simulator booted Multics MR 12.5.
06/17	Release 1.0 of the Multics simulator released, along with Multics MR 12.6f.
07/19	Professor Fernando J. Corbató passed away at the age of 93.
09/19	Release 2.0 of the Multics simulator released.